Referencing Guide School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purdue University

• List references as superscripts at the end of sentences or phrases. Example. ^1,3-5,8
• List author names with the author's last name followed by initials, no periods. Example: Sheehan AH, Killion VJ.
• Retain the spelling, abbreviations, and style for numbers used in the original article title, book title, parts of book, or other material.
• For journal article titles and chapter titles in books, capitalize only the first letter of the first word in a title and subtitle.
• For journal titles and book titles, capitalize all main words.
• Do not use quotation marks.
• Reference the most specific part when possible (i.e., cite the monograph within the online database, not the entire database or cite the chapter within book.)

• Author Last Name, First Initial, Middle Initial. Title of article. Accepted Abbreviation of Journal Year; Volume: Page Numbers.
• Letter [or Editorial]:
  Tisdale JE. Role of the pharmacist in managing hypertension in patients with diabetes [letter]. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63:1129.
• If more than six authors, list first six, followed by et al.
• To find the proper abbreviation of journal go to the National Library of Medicine PubMed Journals Database at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Journals.
• Examples:
  Morris JL, Kraus DM. New antiretroviral therapies for pediatric HIV infection. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2005;10:215-247.
  Overholser BR, Kays MB, Forrest A, Sowinski KM. Sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:1012-22.

• Editor's Last Name First Initial Middle Initial followed by "eds". Title of Book. Edition number. City of publication, State Abbreviation: Name of Publisher; Year.
• Example:
  Tisdale JE, Miller DA, eds. Drug-Induced Diseases: Prevention, Detection and Management. 1st ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2005.

• Chapter Author Last Name First Initial Middle Initial. Title of chapter. In: Name of Book. Edition Number. Editors Last Name First Initial Middle Initial, eds. City of publication, State Abbreviation: Name of Publisher; Year.
• Examples:
  Sheehan AH, Gettig JP. Obesity and eating disorders. In: Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management. 8th ed.
  Helms RA, Quan DJ, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2006.
  Scott SA. The prescription. In: Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 21st Edition.
  Beringer P, Gupta PK, DerMarderosian A, Hoover JE, Felton L, Popovich NP, eds. Philadelphia PA: The University of the Sciences in Philadelphia; 2005.

• Medication Name [package insert]. City, State Abbreviation: Manufacturer's Name; Year.
• Example:
  Byetta(R) [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc; 2007.

• Authors (if indicated). Organization responsible for the site. Title of page or document. Available at: URL. Accessed Month day, year.
• Examples:
  Food and Drug Administration. MedWatch. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/index.html. Accessed June 13, 2007.
  American Diabetes Association. Gestational diabetes. Available at: http://www.diabetes.org/gestational-diabetes.jsp. Accessed June 13, 2007.

• When you log into the Purdue University Libraries system to access these databases, the URL is specific to YOU at that moment; no one else would be able to use it and access the same information. Use only the company or vendor URL as your reference.
• Authors (if applicable). Name of monograph or document. Database name. Company (or vendor) maintaining the database. City, State Abbreviation. Available at: URL. Accessed Month day, year.

• Name of monograph, specific topic or chart. Specific database. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Conshohocken, PA. Available at: http://online.factsandcomparisons.com.
  Accessed Month day, year.
• Example:
  Grapefruit/Atorvastatin. Herbal Interaction Facts. Online Factsandcomparisons. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Conshohocken, PA. Available at: http://online.factsandcomparison.com. Accessed June 13, 2007.

• Name of monograph, specific topic or chart. Specific database. Lexi-Comp Online. Lexi-Comp, Inc. Hudson, OH. Available at: http://online.lexi.com/crlonline. Accessed Month day, year.
• Example:
  Entanercept. Pediatric Drugs Online. Lexi-Comp Online. Lexi-Comp, Inc. Hudson, OH. Available at: http://online.lexi.com/crlonline. Accessed June 13, 2007.

• Title of monograph or document. Specific Micromedex database. Thomson Micromedex. Greenwood Village, CO. http://www.thomsonhc.com. Accessed Month day, year.
• Example:
  Entanercept. DrugPoint Summary. Thomson Micromedex. Greenwood Village, Co. http://www.thomsonhc.com. Accessed June 13, 2007.

• This resource provides access to multiple texts in electronic format. The specific chapter or monograph and text title is listed with the result. The complete publisher's information can be found under the "What's New" feature on the home page; select "Titles".
• Author(s). Title of document, chapter or monograph. In: Editor Last Name First initial Middle Initial, eds. Specific book title [book online]. Edition number. Name of publisher; Year. STAT!Ref Online Electronic Medical Library. Jackson, WY. Available at: http://online.statref.com. Accessed Month day, year.
• Example:
  Furst DE, Ulrich RW. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, nonopiod analgesics, & drugs used in gout. In: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology [book online]. 10th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2007. STAT!Ref Online Electronic Medical Library. Jackson, WY. Available at:
  http://online.statref.com. Accessed June 13, 2007.

• Personal Communication Example - written as statements within the text, including email and listserv messages; permission should be obtained from the author:
  In a conversation with A. H. Sheehan, PharmD (August 2007)...
  There have been no reports of toxic reactions... (J. Smith, MD, email communication, June 1, 2006)
• Government Agency Publication Example - US Department of Health and Human Services. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Washington, DC: U.S. Public Health Service, 1998.
• Poster Presentation Example - Schellhase EM, Abel SA, Carlstedt BC. An interdisciplinary collaboration: the development of a pharmacology course for a doctor of physical therapy program. Presented at: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Annual Meeting; June 2, 2003; San Diego, CA.

AH Sheehan; VJ Killion
June 2007