General Guidelines:
- List references as superscripts at the end of sentences or phrases. Example.1,3-5,8
- List author names with the author’s last name followed by initials, no periods. Example: Sheehan AH, Killion VJ.
- Retain the spelling, abbreviations, and style for numbers used in the original article title, book title, parts of book, or other material.
- For journal article titles and chapter titles in books, capitalize only the first letter of the first word in a title and subtitle.
- For journal titles and book titles, capitalize all main words.
- Do not use quotation marks.
- Reference the most specific part when possible (i.e., cite the monograph within the online database, not the entire database or cite the chapter within book.)
Journal Article (print or electronic):
Author Last Name First Initial Middle Initial. Title of article. Accepted Abbreviation of Journal Title Year; Volume: Inclusive Page Numbers.
List all authors when three or fewer; when four or more, list only first three and add et al.
Examples
Morris JL, Kraus DM. New antiretroviral therapies for pediatric HIV infection.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2005;10:215-247.
Overholser BR, Kays MB, Forrest A, et al. Sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:1012-22.
Letter [or Editorial]
Tisdale JE. Role of the pharmacist in managing hypertension in patients with diabetes [letter]. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63:1129.
>Online Journal Article (with no print equivalent):
Author Last Name First Initial Middle Initial. Title of article. Accepted Abbreviation of Journal Title Year; Volume: Inclusive Page Numbers. DOI.
Example
Fahey T, Schroeder K, Ebrahim F. Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(4):CD005182. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005182.
Book:
Editor’s Last Name First Initial Middle Initial followed by “eds”. Title of Book. Edition number. City of publication, State Abbreviation: Name of Publisher; Year.
Example
Tisdale JE, Miller DA, eds. Drug-Induced Diseases: Prevention, Detection and Management. 1st ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2005.
Book Chapter:
Chapter Author Last Name First Initial Middle Initial. Title of chapter. In: Name of Book. Edition Number. Editors Last Name First Initial Middle Initial, eds. City of publication, State Abbreviation: Name of Publisher; Year.
Examples
Sheehan AH, Gettig JP. Obesity and eating disorders. In: Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management. 8th ed. Helms RA, Quan DJ, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2006.
Scott SA. The prescription. In: Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 21st Edition. Beringer P, Gupta PK, DerMarderosian A, et al., eds. Philadelphia PA: The University of the Sciences in Philadelphia; 2005.
Package Insert:
Medication Name [package insert]. City, State Abbreviation: Manufacturer’s Name; Year.
Example:
Byetta(R) [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc; 2007.
Internet Sites:
Authors (if indicated). Organization responsible for the site. Title of page or document. Available at: URL. Accessed Month day, year.
Examples
Food and Drug Administration. MedWatch. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/index.html. Accessed June 13, 2007.
American Diabetes Association. Gestational diabetes. Available at: http://www.diabetes.org/gestational-diabetes.jsp. Accessed June 13, 2007.
Online Databases:
When you log into the Purdue University Libraries system to access these databases, the URL is specific to YOU at that moment; no one else would be able to use it and access the same information. Use only the company or vendor URL as your reference.
Authors (if applicable). Name of monograph or document. Database name. Company (or vendor) maintaining the database. City, State Abbreviation. Available at: URL. Accessed Month day, year.
Facts & Comparisons eAnswers
Name of monograph, specific topic or chart. Specific database. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. St. Louis, MO. Available at: http://factsandcomparisons.com Accessed Month day, year.
Example
Grapefruit/Atorvastatin. Herbal Interaction Facts. Facts & Comparisons eAnswers. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. St. Louis, MO. Available at: http://factsandcomparisons.com. Accessed June 13, 2007.
Lexi-Comp Online
Name of monograph, specific topic or chart. Specific database. Lexi-Comp Online. Lexi-Comp, Inc. Hudson, OH. Available at: http://online.lexi.com/crlonline Accessed Month day, year.
Example
Entanercept. Pediatric Drugs Online. Lexi-Comp Online. Lexi-Comp, Inc. Hudson, OH. Available at: http://online.lexi.com/crlonline Accessed June 13, 2007.
Micromedex
Title of monograph or document. Specific Micromedex database. Thomson Micromedex. Greenwood Village, CO. http://thomsonhc.com Accessed Month day, year.
Example
Entanercept. DrugPoint Summary. Thomson Micromedex. Greenwood Village, Co. http://thomsonhc.com Accessed June 13, 2007.
STAT!Ref
This resource provides access to multiple texts in electronic format. The specific chapter or monograph and text title is listed with the result. The complete publisher’s information can be found under the “What’s New” feature on the home page; select “Titles”.
Author(s). Title of document, chapter or monograph. In: Editor Last Name First initial Middle Initial, eds. Specific book title [book online]. Edition number. Name of publisher; Year. STAT!Ref Online Electronic Medical Library. Jackson, WY. Available at: http://online.statref.com Accessed Month day, year.
Example
Furst DE, Ulrich RW. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, nonopiod analgesics, & drugs used in gout. In: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology [book online]. 10th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2007. STAT!Ref Online Electronic Medical Library. Jackson, WY. Available at: http://online.statref.com Accessed June 13, 2007.
Other
Personal Communication Example – written as statements within the text, including email and listserv messages; permission should be obtained from the author:
In a conversation with A. H. Sheehan, PharmD (August 2007)…
There have been no reports of toxic reactions…(J. Smith, MD, email communication, June 1, 2006)
Government Agency Publication Example
US Department of Health and Human Services. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Washington, DC: U.S. Public Health Service, 1998.
Poster Presentation Example
Schellhase EM, Abel SA, Carlstedt BC. An interdisciplinary collaboration: the development of a pharmacology course for a doctor of physical therapy program. Presented at: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Annual Meeting; June 2, 2003; San Diego, CA.
AH Sheehan; VJ Killion
June 2007
revised January 2009; July 2009; January 2010; September 2010
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